PSYC 4690, Organizational Behavior
Exam #1 "Short Answer" Question List
Spring 2005

Answers to these questions should generally be only a paragraph long (50-100 words).
If a question doesn't seem to you like it belongs on this list, send me an explanation and I will consider dropping it.

1.Describe the contributions of Scott and Munsterberg in the early development of I/O psychology.
2. What were the Hawthorne studies, what did they find, and how did they change the scope of I/O psychology?
3. Discuss the contributions of I/O psychologists during World War I and II and their impact on the field of psychology.
4. Describe the educational and training requirements for I/O psychologists.
5. Discuss the difficulties in conducting psychological research in industry.
6. Researchers at Sears discover that sales output is correlated at r = .68 with number of motivational seminars attended. Briefly discuss how the management of Sears should interpret this finding.
7. What are the advantages and limitations of naturalistic observation?
8. Describe three techniques for conducting survey research. What are their relative advantages and disadvantages?
9. Describe two ways of selecting a sample of people to be questioned in a survey.
10. What are the advantages of realistic job previews?
11. What is the purpose of the Marlowe-Crowne inventory, and how can it be used in personnel decisions?
12. For what purposes are job analyses conducted? Describe two different approaches to job analysis and their relative advantages. 
13. What are the main reasons for conducting background checks on potential employees, and what risks are involved?
14. Distinguish between unstructured and structured interviews. If you were an employer, which would you use and why?
15. Explain how each of the following interviewee factors affects hiring decisions: ingratiation, modesty, "sneak previews," physical attractiveness, and casual clothing.
16. What are the relative problems and advantages of polygraphs and integrity tests to detect employee dishonesty?
17. What are the general effects of cognitive load on the interview process? How can these effects be avoided or reduced?
18. A personality researcher has developed a measure of extraversion/introversion for managerial selection with 11 items. Now she needs to establish the reliability of the measure. Discuss the three alternatives available to her; make sure you consider the advantages and disadvantages of each.
19. A personality researcher has developed a measure of extraversion/introversion for managerial selection. She has established the reliability of the measure and now needs to determine its criterion-related validity. Discuss each of the two approaches she could take.
20. What factors must I/O psychologists consider when deciding whether to use a published test or construct a new test?
21. What problems may arise if a human resources manager chooses to validate a test using only the best employees?
22. A colleague of yours makes the claim that personality testing is invalid and has no role in the workplace. Prepare a written argument discussing the opposite position on personality characteristics and jobs.
23. What is rating leniency, why does it occur, and how can it be avoided?
24. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of rating and ranking techniques in performance appraisal?
25. What are the advantages and limitations of MBO as an appraisal technique?
26. Compare the relative merits of self-evaluations, evaluations by subordinates, and peer evaluations.
27. Discuss five types of errors that occur in performance appraisal as a result of human judgment.
28. Describe the four cognitive errors that can influence performance appraisal. What are examples of each?
29. What is "coaching" and why might a psychologist need a license to do it? (Refer to the comments by Dean Stamoulis.)
30. What factors can affect employee motivation to succeed in a training program?
31. Discuss three of the psychological factors that relate to teaching methods and the nature of the material to be learned.
32. What are the advantages and disadvantages of on-the-job training?
33. How does programmed instruction use the psychological principles of training?
34. Describe job rotation and the way it is used by many organizations. What are the disadvantages of job rotation as a management training technique?
35. Compare and contrast the Theory X and Theory Y views of human nature.
36. Describe the four styles of leadership in the path-goal theory.
37. What does research show about the relative effectiveness of authoritarian and democratic leaders in stressful work situations?
38. Discuss Alice Eagly's "labyrinth" theory of why so few women are in top leadership positions in the U.S.
39. Describe the five kinds of power a leader may use and their relationship to job performance and job satisfaction.
40. Describe the training facility at WalMart, the type of training provided, and the strengths and weaknesses generally associated with this training approach.